Abstract Bonding plays a major role in dentistry nowadays. Dental adhesives are used in association with composites to solve many restorative issues. However, the wide variety of bonding agents currently available makes it difficult for clinicians to choose the best alternative in terms of material and technique, especially when different clinical situations are considered. Moreover, although bonding agents allow for a more conservative restorative approach, achieving a durable adhesive interface remains a matter of concern, and this mainly due to degradation of the bonding complex in the challenging oral environment. This review aims to present strategies that are being used or those still in development which may help to prevent degradation. It is fundamental that professionals are aware of these strategies to counteract degradation as much as possible. None of them are efficient to completely solve this problem, but they certainly represent reasonable alternatives to increase the lifetime of adhesive restorations.

AIM: To evaluate the leakage on Er,Cr:YSGG laser- and bur- prepared Class V cavities restored with a silorane-based composite resin using different insertion techniques METHODS: 40 cavities were outlined according to: the type of instrument [Er,Cr:YSGG laser (3.0 W power, energy per pulse of 150 mJ, fluence of 53.57J/cm², pulse duration of 140-200 ∝s, 20 Hz repetition rate and 55/65% air/water spray) or diamond bur]; and the type of filling technique (bulk increment or incremental). Four experimental groups were obtained (n=10): G1- diamond bur (DB) and incremental (I); G2- DB and bulk increment (BI); G3- Er,Cr:YSGG and I; and G4- Er,Cr:YSGG and BI. Specimens were restored with a silorane-based composite resin (Filtek P90, 3M/ESPE), subjected to 500 thermal cycles, sealed, infiltrated with 2% (w/v) methylene blue and sectioned in halves. Specimen analysis was scored based on a scale. Statistical analyses were done using the Kruskal-Wallis and Student Newman-Keuls tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between G2 and G4 (p=0.003) and between G1 and G2 (p=0.028). The filling technique did not influence the pattern of dye leakage in the cavity walls (p=0.151). CONCLUSIONS: Less leakage was observed when Er,Cr:YSGG cavities were restored with silorane-based composite resin, using the bulk increment technique. Nevertheless, cavities done using diamond bur have less leakage only when incrementally restored.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of demineralization of artificially induced caries-affected human dentin by an in vitro microbiological method. The occlusal surfaces of 6 human molar teeth were abraded until a flat surface was obtained, and the enamel was removed to expose the occlusal dentin surface. These teeth were sectioned in 12 halves in the vestibular-lingual direction and divided into 3 groups according to the period length of the microbiological essay (n = 4): G1, 7 days; G2, 14 days; and G3, 21 days. The surfaces of all specimens were protected by an acid-resistant nail varnish, except for a window where the caries lesion was induced by a Streptoccocus mutans biofilm in a batch-culture model supplemented with 5% sucrose. The specimens were then analyzed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a super-luminescent light diode (Λ = 930 nm) with 6.0-µm lateral and longitudinal resolution (in the air). Qualitative and quantitative results (images and average dentin demineralization, respectively) were obtained. The mean demineralization depths were (µm) 235 ± 31.4, 279 ± 14, and 271 ± 8.3 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In addition, no significant change was observed in the lesion mean depth from 7 days of cariogenic challenge on. In conclusion, OCT was shown to be an efficient and non-invasive method to detect the depths of lesions caused by demineralization. Further, a seven-day demineralization time was considered sufficient for caries-affected dentin to be obtained.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a resistência à tração de três sistemas adesivos associados a resina composta aderidos à superfície dentinária. Quarenta e cinco superfícies de dentina foram obtidas a partir de molares humanos extraídos, sobre elas foi preparado "smear layer" e foram divididas em 3 grupos: G1) adesivo autocondicionante + resina micro-híbrida; G2) adesivo de componente único + ácido e resina micro-híbrida e G3) adesivo convencional (ácido + "primer" + bond) + resina micro-híbrida, aplicados de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes. Os corpos-de-prova foram preparados para teste de tração, imersos em água destilada por 24 horas a 37ºC. Findo este tempo, o teste de tração foi realizado em máquina de ensaio Inströn com velocidade constante de 0,5 mm/min. Os resultados foram expressos em MPa e submetidos a análise de variância (p < 0,05). Os autores concluíram que: o tipo de sistema adesivo influenciou na resistência à tração das resinas compostas testadas; o sistema adesivo de componente único apresentou os melhores resultados de resistência adesiva.

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the tensile bond strength of 3 different bonding systems, associated to composite resins, bonded to dentinal surfaces. Forty-four dentinal surfaces were obtained from recently extracted human molars. A standardized smear layer was obtained and the surfaces were divided in 3 groups: G1) self etch + microhybrid composite; G2) single-component adhesive + phosphoric acid + microhybrid composite and G3) conventional system (acid + primer + bond) + microhybrid composite. Specimens made of composite resin were constructed in the shape of an inverted truncated cone with 3 mm of diameter. Tensile bond strength test was performed at the speed of 0.5 mm/min, and the results were expressed in MPa. The analysis of variance ANOVA (p < 0.05) determined that the type of bonding system used influenced tensile bond strength. Tukey’s test, however, showed that the results of the comparison between G2 and G3 were the only statistically significant ones, with G2 showing greater values of tensile bond strength.

As constantes recidivas dos tratamentos preconizados para a hipersensibilidade dentinária são causa de estudos a respeito desta patologia. Neste trabalho, in vitro, nos propomos a avaliar, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, a possível formação de película impermeabilizadora quando da aplicação de substâncias dessensibilizantes, acompanhada de condicionamento ácido da dentina. Discos de dentina, foram utilizados onde foi preparado um esfregaço padronizado, realizado condicionamento ácido e aplicação das substâncias testadas, à base de glutaraldeído, oxalato e fluoretos. Para compor o grupo controle um corpo-de-prova foi mantido sem tratamento e outro apenas condicionado com ácido. Dos resultados morfológicos obtidos pode-se concluir que o condicionamento ácido prévio ao tratamento com substâncias à base de glutaraldeído e de oxalato não é capaz de formar uma película uniforme, impermeabilizante sobre a dentina. O uso de fluoretos forma uma camada sobre a dentina facilmente removível, não produzindo porém efeitos a longo prazo nestes tipos de tratamento.

The constant recurrence of indicated treatments for dentine hypersensitivity has motivated many studies on the subject, in the search for good long-term clinical results. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate, by SEM, the formation of an impermeable film when desensitizing substances are applied after acid etching of the dentine surface. Dentine discs with a standardized smear layer were acid etched with 35% phosphoric acid and substances based on glutaraldehyde, oxalate and sodium fluoride were applied according to manufacturer’s instructions. Discs without treatment were used as the control group and only one of them was acid etched. Morphological results showed that acid etching of the dentine surface prior to the application of substances based on glutaraldehyde and oxalate are not able to form a uniform, impermeable film over dentine. On the other hand, sodium fluoride containing substances can form a layer over dentine, but it is easily removable, probably with no long-term effect.

Procedimentos com o intuito de remover manchas nos dentes têm sido muito requisitados. Dentre esses procedimentos, pode-se citar as técnicas de microabrasão do esmalte, obtendo-se resultados esteticamente mais aceitáveis. Neste trabalho propomo-nos a avaliar o efeito da técnica de microabrasão com pasta de pedra-pomes e ácido fosfórico, aplicada manual e mecanicamente, para o tratamento de lesões de mancha branca. Além do aspecto clínico, será também avaliada a rugosidade superficial das lesões antes e após os procedimentos clínicos, através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram selecionados pacientes com lesões brancas, sem cavitação. No primeiro paciente foi realizado o procedimento clínico, ao passo que desse procedimento no segundo, além e, foram realizadas moldagens em diferentes etapas para a obtenção de espécimes a ser observados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Nos casos analisados, pode-se concluir que as técnicas de microabrasão com ácido fosfórico e pedra-pomes, tanto utilizadas com instrumentos rotatórios quanto com com o auxílio de cunha de madeira aplicada manualmente, apresentaram resultados clínicos satisfatórios. Na microscopia eletrônica de varredura dos modelos, detectou-se a recuperação da lisura superficial do esmalte tratado.

Procedures aiming at removing stains form teeth have been widely pursued. Among these procedures are the techniques of enamel microbrasion, which can produce more favorable esthetic results. The aim of this study was to compare the results obtained clinically with application of different microabrasion techniques on white spot lesions, and also to evaluate enamel roughness in treated and untreated specimens using scanning electron microscopy. Patients with white spot lesions without cavitation were selected. On the first patient a mechanically applied clinical procedure was performed, while on the second one the clinical procedure was performed manually, and impressions were taken at different steps of the procedure in order to obtain samples to be examined under the scanning electron microscope. From the obtained results, it could conclude that the microabrasion techniques carried out with phosphoric acid and pumice flour, either with rotatory instruments or applied manually with a wood wegde, presented clinically satisfactory results. Under the scanning electron microscope, restoring of the superficial smoothness of treated enamel could be observed.

A restauração de lesões cervicais não cariosas é um procedimento comum na clínica diária, havendo uma alta incidência de casos de perda da restauração, descoloração marginal e recidiva de cárie. A etiologia desse tipo de lesão é considerada multifatorial. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a microinfiltração diante das seguintes variáveis: tipo de material utilizado (dois adesivos de quarta geração utilizados em conjunto com duas resinas compostas de tipos diferentes, ©microfillª e híbrida), dois métodos de polimerização dos sistemas adesivos (foto e dual) e duas técnicas restauradoras (incremental e do incremento único). Na metodologia deste trabalho, utilizaram-se ciclagem térmica e mecânica, técnica de infiltração com nitrato de prata, cortes seriados e leitura dos resultados através de escala de escores. A microinfiltração foi menor quando se utilizou uma resina composta híbrida comparada à resina ©microfillª. Ao se utilizar o método de polimerização dual do sistema adesivo, a microinfiltração foi menor do que com o método somente fotopolimerizável. A técnica restauradora não exerceu influência sobre o padrão de microinfiltração encontrado nas restaurações de lesões cervicais não cariosas

Restoration of noncarious cervical lesions is a usual clinical procedure, and there is a high incidence of restoration loss, marginal discoloration, and recurrent caries. All the factors that play an important role in this process have to be considered when studying this kind of lesion of complex multifactorial etiology. Microleakage was evaluated related to the type of material used (two fourth generation bonding systems used with two types of composite resins: hybrid and microfill), two polymerization methods for bonding systems (photo and dual cure) and two restorative techniques (incremental and bulk). This study used thermal and mechanical cycling procedures, infiltration tests with silver nitrate solution, longitudinal multiple sections, and the results were measured by a scale of scores. Less microleakage was found with hybrid composite resin when compared to the microfill composite. Microleakage was lower with dual polymerization of the adhesive system than with photopolymerization only. Restorative techniques used did not influence the microleakage pattern of restorations of noncarious cervical lesions